Risk Assessment

It is  important to consider risks before filming due to basic health and safety rules which should be applied to all members of the group. By assessing each potential risk, the possibility of injury is minimised. This prevents having to stop filming temporarily as a result of someone getting hurt.The risk assessment will outline the areas that are considered unsafe as well as minimizing the risk of of damaging the equipment.

Hazard	Hazard prevention
Individuals in the background	The filming of the music video cannot be disturbed by unwanted people in the background and so no one apart from the members within the production will be present when possible. However the outdoor location of Dover cannot avoid this therefore we will have to be cautious when filming so there are no disruptions within the video
Low battery on camera	The camera will be fully charged before filming but a back-up lead will be available in case of low battery. This will prevent the battery dying out which would mean the scene would have to be shot from the beginning as filming continuous parts on a different day is too visible
Weather	As the weather is unpredictable, all members of the group must be somewhat flexible. Weather such as rain may potentially cause water damage to the camera therefore the forecast must be checked prior to filming in order to avoid the weather preventing us from being able to film on the day planned.
Carrying/using the tripod	When carrying the tripod, it must be made sure that it does not incur any damage. Also, it must be carefully watched so it is not stolen.  When filming. the tripod will be set evenly on the ground so it does not fall and no damage will be caused.
Household objects	Filming in a house means that all objects need to be moved out of the way so no one trips over while filming.It is also important that no unwanted objects are visible in the video and so attention to these objects must be paid.
Fire	As this may cause a fire hazard, when burning the cards all members of the production will be aware and ready to put the fire out with the use of water.To prevent others from being affected by the use of fire, an open location will be used.

Lyric analysis

In order to create a successful music video that appeals to the target audience, the lyrics of 'Impossible' by James Arthur were annotated in terms of meaning. This was carried out in order to gain a more in depth understanding of what the song is about, allowing the meanings of the song to be interwoven into the narrative. The photo below shows the lyrics and the annotations beside them which display the interpretation of the lyrics. By doing so, ideas as to what should be involved within the video were stimulated. The narrative was therefore evolved upon the lyrics. Metaphorical meanings were also sought out in order to create a video that conveys more than the literal meanings of the song and therefore engages the audience.

What are the hidden meanings of your song?

''Someone told me I should take caution when it comes to love'' refers to a warning the artist received regarding falling in love. This may potentially imply a possibility of getting hurt. "You were strong and I was not"' may potentially regard the male being weak and falling for the female or simply getting hurt. This idea is reinforced by the lyrics "'I was careless, I forgot'' which means he forgot to regard the warning and simply let his barriers down due to being in love and therefore careless. This led to him getting hurt which is implied by the lyrics ''And now when all is done'' which means the artist's love interest has done something which as stated by the lyrics, means she "has won''. This means the artist has lost the game which in this case is a relationship. "Tell them all I know now'' refers to everything he has learnt and now knows from the failure of the relationship which may potentially refer to trusting someone else. "All we had is gone now" confirms that the relationship is over and everything that the male and female once had does not exist any more.






The artist states that he ''was happy'' however now his "heart is broken'' and this is visible which is inferred by the lyrics ''all my scars are open''. What was done to him, he once deemed as ''Impossible'' which suggests he was too happy and in love to ever think the female was capable. Although the actions of the female aren't made clear through the lyrics, the artist refers to the actions as ''betrayal" which caused ''broken trust and broken hearts''. He then refers to the beginning of the relationship in which faith was built upon "love and words'' which he then criticises with ''empty promises will wear'' suggesting he was wrong to trust someone else.''There is nothing to say'' suggests that the relationship is ended and his decision cannot be changed as nothing can be done or said to make things better. He considers what the female did as ''embarrassing'' due to him ignoring advice he once received and trusting someone that didn't deserve it.

The group lyric annotations will assist with planning the music video as it has enabled us to gain a better understanding of the lyrics and the meaning behind them; allowing us to depict the emotion felt by the artist. This can then be used to produce a music video that reflects the lyrics and the emotions they aim to infer. By having an understanding of the way the artist feels, we will be more able to present the artist in the correct way. This will also allow the audience to relate to the artist and therefore form a relationship. 

Planning cinematography

Cinematography refers to the art or technique of motion-picture photography i.e. filming. This refers to the way in which footage is filmed and the effect it achieves. Cinematography depicts varied emotions on the audience, depending on what camera shots and camera movements are featured. It must therefore be carefully considered in order to create an affective music video that appeals to the target market. It is a fundamental aspect of a music video as this in simplistic terms is what the audience views therefore having a great impact on the overall success of the music video. Cinematography determines what is inferred to the audience i.e. the narrative, concept and performance elements of the video. From what can be seen, the audience is able to interpret the visuals into their own understanding. Cinematography also ensures continuity of a narrative as the audience is able to follow varied shots which have denotations as well as connotations. The way in which the production is filmed enhances the viewing experience for the audience as a selection of camera shots provides enticement whereas a production filmed with limited shots would be too simplistic and in turn would fail to attract viewers. The cinematography is able to present the viewers with the mise-en-scene, artist image and the location. It must therefore be planned in depth prior to production in order to assure all members of the group are aware of what is being shown.

The cinematography that will be used in the video will vary in order to provide a wide range of shot types and movements. One of the most significant shots that will be used will be a close up. This shot will be used to show the artist whilst performing. A close up shot is able to show the artist's facial expression and therefore convey his emotions to the audience. This enables the audience to form a relationship with the artist on the basis of gaining an understanding of his experience which is conveyed by the lyrics. Close ups will also be used to place emphasis on the guitar which is an important feature of the performance. The iconography underlines the artist's talent therefore displaying one of the reasons for the artist's newly established fame. It also conforms to Dyer's paradox in which the artist must be both ordinary as well as extra ordinary. The down to earth image of the artist shown by him performing with a guitar follows the image that has been already set for the artist and makes the artist seem ordinary yet extra ordinary due to his talent. 

A panning shot will also act as vital cinematography. This camera shot refers to the movement of the camera from one side to the other. It displays many elements in a single movement therefore enabling the audience to receive a wide shot. A panning shot is effective as it presents the mise-en-scene effectively, establishing the location. The location will be emphasised through the use of a panning shot. The location will be the cliff top which has been selected in order to create an impact on the viewer and therefore provide a pleasurable viewing of the music video. This type of shot will show not only the location but the artist which is the main focus of the video. A panning shot may also be used in the black studioroom, panning around the artist to signify him being surrounded by his thoughts which he aims to put across to the audience.

Long shots will also be used throughout the music video. To provide the audience with a variety of camera shots, the artist will be shown through mid shots, close ups and long shots. A long shot allows the audience to receive a full picture of the artist. This will simultaneously emphasise the emotions felt by the artist, the artist's talent and the costume being worn. A long shot displays the artist's body language which infers emotions as well as characteristics such as confidence or an introvert personality. As the artist holds the most significance, is is vital that the artist remains as the main focus throughout the music video. This is conventional of the pop genre and so the video is more likely to appeal to the target audience who have an interest in the artist. 

A mid shot will also act as a dominant camera shot that will enhance the visuals of the music video. It will be used on various occasions. A mid shot will be used to display a flashback of the artist and his love interest playing a game of cards. The cards act as significant iconography and a mid shot is able to illustrate their importance as not only this is visible but the male and female also. This therefore emphasises the relationship between the two individuals as well as establishing the iconography. It also displays the female whose presence is not necessarily stressed in the video due to artist having most importance, A mid shot will also be evident when the artist will be performing in order to display him as well as the guitar. 

The use of cinematography is conventional of the pop genre as the camera shots specified are commonly visible in videos of that genre. Long shots and mid shots are extremely common due to them being quite simplistic yet effective in displaying the narrative. Close ups are also re-occurring camera shots due their ability to illustrate individuals and therefore their emotions as well as elements of iconography which every music video has. A panning shot is also conventional of the pop genre as it presents the audience with a wide shot of a specific location. This is a dominant part of the mise-en-scene of a music video, especially when it has an underlying meaning. All the shots chosen have been selected for a specific reason that is somehow linked to creating a visually appealing video that appeals to the target audience. 

The cinematography enables the audience to build a relationship with the artist. This is because the audience is then able to understand the narrative which aims to reflect the lyrics. All the shots will be somehow incorporated with portraying the artist. A close up especially has the ability to show the emotions felt by the artist, allowing the audience to relate and therefore form a relationship. A long shot shows the artist facial expression as well as the costume worn which conveys meanings due to its colour. When the male artist is shown with his female love interest, the audience gains an insight into the artist's personal life which also allows the audience to feel closer to the artist as they have a more in depth understanding. The cinematography is therefore a fundamental aspect of the music video as it enables the audience to receive an effective viewing experience as well as gain an understanding of the artist and the lyrics.

Planning editing styles

Editing is a post-production process of video making that combines separate footage into a continuous sequence. This is a fundamental process that achieves continuity. Continuity editing is simply a style of editing that prevents inherent discontinuity of shots and establishes a logical coherence between shots to make one sequence. The editing guides the telling and pace of the narrative. It can be used to create illusions through the use of varied paced editing styles as well as to emphasise certain elements that may not have been necessarily noted. It is a vital process when producing any media products such as a music video as it allows the audience to develop their understanding of the narrative, performance and concept elements within the music video. There are various editing styles that can be used to enhance the visuals which in turn provides the audience with an effective viewing experience. As well as simplistic editing techniques, tints can be employed to modify the shots filmed in order to connote certain meanings.

An editing style that will be implemented within the music video is slow paced editing. This editing technique refers to one shot being followed by another shot after a few seconds as opposed to sudden and abrupt movement of frames. This allows the shots to be continuous which is typically employed to allow the audience to follow a narrative with ease. Slow paced editing will be used within the performance and narrative element within the video. It will place emphasis on the artist and his talent that presents his ‘extra-ordinary’ side, therefore conforming to Richard Dyer’s paradox. It will also display parts of the narrative in which flashbacks of the male artist and his love interest will be displayed. This will illustrate the stability of the relationship therefore connoting a positive experience.

A contrast will be created between flashbacks of the past and the present through the use of fast paced editing.This style of editing will create a more abrupt sequence of frames that will convey the instability of the relationship. It will present the chaotic aspect of the relationship therefore allowing the audience to gain awareness of the artist's emotions, helping them to form a relationship with the artist. Fast paced editing will be achieved through the use of jump and straight cuts which means shots will cut quickly. This will be employed within the argument scenes in which the male and female aren't in a stable position.

The editing styles chosen to be employed within the music video follow genre conventions. Varied paced editing allows the audience to focus on the performance as well as narrative whilst viewing a visually effective media production.

The editing styles help the audience to form a relationship with the artist as they are able to depict underlying meanings such as the instability of the relationship therefore providing the audience with a more in depth understanding of the narrative. Through understanding the narrative, the audience is also aware of the emotions felt by the artist and may potentially relate which is a fundamental element of forming a relationship. This also evokes a sense of realism which in turn makes the lyrics of the song come to life.  

Planning lighting and colour

Lighting and colour have great significance within a music video as both elements are able to connote specific meanings. They are able to depict certain emotions from the audience as well as infer certain aspects of the narrative which illustrates the lyrics of the song therefore allowing the audience to develop their understanding. Lighting and colour visible within videos can also potentially provide the audience with a representation of the artist and their environment i.e. the light evident in certain locations may connote varied meanings. By varying the colour and lighting used, a change in the mise-en-scene can be enhanced.

Both lighting and colour will be considered in detail prior to production and editing. Various styles of lighting and colour will be employed within the music video in order to infer specific aspects of a music video. The video will feature a scene filmed in a drama studio where no natural lighting is present due to a lack of windows. Technical lighting will therefore be used in the form of a spotlight to place emphasis on the artist and in turn the performance aspect of the video. Although a spotlight will be employed, the lighting in the drama studio will be primarily low key due to the black walls and flooring.

Naturalistic lighting will also be used when the location of a cliff will be visible. This will provide the audience with a realistic overview of the relationship between the male and female therefore allowing the audience to develop their understanding of the narrative. The naturalistic lighting will place emphasis on the location which symbolises the contrast between the emotions felt by the artist in the past and present. The location of a cliff will include sun light which will aims to highlight the artist performing with the guitar; a convention of the pop genre. Flashbacks will infer the happiness once felt by the artist therefore having a varied gradient to the performance scenes where the artist is the same location yet the relationship has ended.

In order to infer the breakdown of the relationship, naturalistic lighting yet of a darker tone will be used. The scene filmed in the room where the male and female are arguing will convey the negativity of the relationship. This will contrast against the flashback of the male and female playing cards where high key lighting will be visible. The high key lighting has positive connotations therefore displaying the positive emotions felt. This is conventional to videos of the pop nature therefore conforming to expectations held by the audience.

The burning of the cards will be made effective through the use of low key lighting surrounding the flames. However the flames will act as a burst of colour therefore enticing the audience. The cards burning have not only great significance due to being having dominant connotations i.e. the relationship burning down but also act as an effective visual.
The use of flames will mean colours such as orange and red will be visible within the music video. Red is significant as it is able to infer varied meanings such as the love and passion between the male and female. It can also convey the pain caused by the heated arguments that arose from infidelity of the artist's love interest. The colour of the flames therefore has a great impact on the audience's understanding of the narrative. The cards falling down and being set alight illustrates the instability of the relationship and so further presents the breakdown of the relationship.

The colours that will be visible within the music video in terms of the mise-en-scene will be primarily natural shades. The costumes of the artist will involve plain colours to emphasise the down to earth nature of the artist. This therefore maintains the image constructed by the record label and is expected by the audience. The artist's love interest can potentially be seen in darker clothing in order to convey the negativity she causes the male artist due to infidelity.

The lighting and colours chosen are conventional to videos of the pop nature. The naturalistic lighting enables the audience to focus on the mise-en-scene as opposed to the artist alone. It emphasises the location therefore having a greater impact on the viewing of the video for the demographic. The use of both high and low key lighting provides the audience with a variation of underlying meanings and aspects the video aims to infer. High key lighting of a bright nature will be employed to engage the audience, contrasting against the simplistic light used to aid the audience in understanding the narrative aspect of the video. A variety of lighting forms is conventional of the pop genre which are typically enticing and provide the audience with different aspects such as performance and narrative. The specific use of colours is also vital in terms of developing the understanding the audience has of the artist and lyrics; providing connotations that infer certain meanings. 

The lighting and colour chosen are vital in terms of creating a relationship between the audience and the target audience. The viewers are able to depict certain connotations which allow them to understand the narrative in more depth. This therefore enables them to gain a better understanding of the artist himself; forming a relationship. This is reinforced by the emotions which the use of lighting and colour evokes such as sympathy for the artist due to his experience that is displayed through the video.

Planning Artist Image

The artist's image is a vital element within a music video and the artist's overall success. An image is constructed on the basis of character traits or the artist's physical appearance i.e. the way in which they are perceived by the audience. It is reflective of the genre of the music produced by the artist therefore signifying genre characteristics such as black clothing visible on videos of a rock nature. This allows the audience to gain an understanding of the artist and the genre through recognition of the artist's image which is typically constructed through costume; a significant feature of the mise-en-scene. As the artist image is conventional to the genre, it is vital to present the artist in a way which allows the audience to make a direct link to the pop genre.

According to Richard Dyer's star theory, the artist's image involves a selection of the most common values of stardom such as youthfulness, rebellion, sexual magnetism, talent,success against the odds etc. The image is therefore constructed by the record label in order to sell the artist to the audience. The artist is therefore constructed out of a range of materials such as advertising. Due to this, they are considered to be a product rather than a person. The star image is based upon two paradoxes, the first one being; the star must be simultaneously ordinary and extra-ordinary for the consumer.

The artist within our music video will conform to Richard Dyer's theory. James Arthur who will be played by a member of our group will be portrayed as ordinary, therefore allowing the audience to relate to the artist. The 'ordinary' representation will be constructed through the use of mise-en-scene; such as costume, iconography and setting. The artist will be dressed in clothing of a casual nature.  This will maintain the image of the actual artist that has been constructed by his record label Syco. The artist's image is evident in the image as the artist has a clean cut and shave with white clothing which typically conveys innocence. However the way he is presented varies slightly as the artist has released songs that are of a pop rock style therefore he can be considered as having an edge.

The artist's image will be maintained within the music video through the use of casual clothing. This can potentially involve plain jeans with a checked shirt which sustains the 'ordinary' aspect of Dyer's theory. A casual style is conventional of the chosen genre therefore allowing the audience to make a direct link.  Various items of clothing will be visible throughout the duration of the video in order to signify the variations in time periods evident. ???

A male artist is typically limited due to the inability to use make up in the same way as female artists. Music videos typically display sexualisation of women which refers to artists being marketed on their looks.
 However the natural appearance of the artist can also be deemed as significant due to conveying the down to earth nature of the artist, further conforming to Dyer's theory. The way in which the artist will be presented is conventional to the pop genre as it maintains the already existant image constructed by the record label.

The artist's image is a dominant cause of a relationship between the artist and the target audience therefore having a positive impact. A conventional image allows the audience to understand the intentions of the music video. A music video that follows the conventions and expectations of the audience is also more likely to appeal to the audience therefore seeming more effective and likely to attract views. The artist being portrayed as ordinary and therefore realistic allows the audience to relate to the artist in depth. This in turn allows the audience to gain knowledge of the artist which encourages a relationship with the artist to be formed.